![]() British social psychologist Graham Wallas in "The Art of Thought" (1926) outlined a four-stage model of the creative process, and others explored the topic in superficial manner. The first major philosopher to use the term in the title of a book was probably John Dewey in "Creative Intelligence" (1917) but he was referring to the "being in the world" that, in his opinion, characterizes human intelligence. If you think that the history of human civilization is mainly the history of a uniquely creative species, it is surprising how little the human race has investigated the topic of creativity. ![]() But what exactly is different with Shakespeare, Michelangelo and Beethoven? Humans assume that something in its genes made it do what it did, no matter how complex and brilliant. Most of humans don't think that the individual spider or the individual bird is a "creative being". The humble spider can make a very beautiful spider-web. Humans have always thought of themselves as creative beings, but always failed to explain what that really means. The question "Can machines be creative?" is much more interesting. Can machines think? Maybe, but we'll never find out for sure, just like we'll never find out for sure if all humans think. Since we cannot even determine with absolute certainty the consciousness of other people, it sounds a bit useless to discuss whether machines can be conscious. All we know about other people's inner lives is that it generates a behavior very similar to our own, and therefore we conclude that other people too must have the same kind of inner lives that we have (feelings, emotions, thoughts, etc). ![]() We cannot enter someone else's brain and find out if that person has feelings, emotions, thoughts, etc. I have no way of knowing whether you "think". The question "Can machines think?" is rapidly becoming obsolete. (These are excerpts from my book "Intelligence is not Artificial")Īfter Machine Intelligence: Machine Creativity - Can Machines do Art? (Copyright © 2018 Piero Scaruffi | Terms of use ) Why the Singularity is not Coming any Time Soon And Other Meditations on the Post-Human Condition and the Future of IntelligenceĬognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence
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